Selasa, 10 Juni 2014

Tata Bahasa Korea 하도 A/V+아/어서 





An interesting grammar point today~  하도 means very (much) or too (much).  Then 하도 A/V+아/어서 is used to say “something/one is very … so …”.

Titik tata bahasa yang menarik hari ini ~ primer berarti sangat (banyak) atau terlalu (banyak). Kemudian primer A / V + ah / Come digunakan untuk mengatakan "sesuatu / satu ini sangat ... jadi ...".

Examples
집에 있다가 하도 심심해서 혼자 시장에 쇼핑했어요.
I was at home but got so bored, I went shopping at the market by myself.

하도 바빠서 밥 먹을 시간조차 없었어요.
I was so busy even to eat.

Senin, 09 Juni 2014

V-는 날, V-(으)ㄴ 날 - the day (when)V



contoh : 
오늘은 쉬는 날이고 내일은 일하는 날이다 - 
Today is a day for rest, and tomorrow is a day for work.

여행을 떠나는 날에 비가 오면 큰일이에요. -
 We'll have a lot of problems if it rains on the day we leave.

나는 눈 오는 날이 좋다 - I like days when it snows.
그여자를 처음 만난 날 눈이 왔어요. - It snowed when I first met her.

Adjective, Verb -(으)ㄴ/는데요


1.  This form is used to express one’s disagreement with or opposition to what somebody says. It corresponds to ‘Well(in my case)’ in English.

1. Formulir ini digunakan untuk mengekspresikan ketidaksetujuan seseorang dengan atau perlawanan terhadap apa yang orang bilang. Hal ini sesuai dengan 'Well (dalam kasus saya)' dalam bahasa Inggris.


For adjectives, when the stem ends in a vowel, -ㄴ데요 is used, and when it ends in a consonant -은데요 is used.

For verbs, -는데요 is added to the stem.

2. This form is also used to express the expectation of, or waiting for, a response from the other person and corresponds to ‘…and?’ or ‘…but?’ in English.

3.This form is also used to express the speaker’s surprise at discovering or feeling something unexpected when observing a situation. It corresponds to ‘(I’m surprised to learn that)… is so…’ in English.

>> present tense adjective, 이다, No final Consonant –>> -ㄴ데요

ex) 바쁜데요. 의사인데요.

>> present tense adjective, Final Consonant –>> -은데요

ex) 많은데요. 높은데요. 그렇지 않은데요.

>> present tense verb, both –>> -는데요

ex) 사는데요. 읽는데요. 있는데요. 없는데요. 먹는데요.

>> Past tense verb and adjective, both –>> 았/었는데요

ex) 샀는데요. 바빴는데요. 의사였는데요.

SEE these transform cases ( Base form -> A/V + (으)ㄴ/는데요

예쁘다 (is pretty) a. / 예쁜데요

보다 (see) v. / 보는데요

작다(is small) a. / 작은데요

듣다(listen) v. / 듣는데요

피곤하다(is tired) a. / 피곤한데요

일하다(work) v. / 일하는데요

힘들다(is hard) a. / 힘든데요 (irregular)

만들다(make) v. / 만드는데요 (irregular)

덥다(is hot) a. / 더운데요 (irregular)

살다(live) v. / 사는데요 (irregular)

친절했다(was kind) pt-a. / 친절했는데요

받았다(received) pt-v. / 받았는데요

편했다(was easy) pt-a. / 편했는데요

찾았다(found) pt-v. / 찾았는데요

Minggu, 08 Juni 2014

Expressing intentions – (으)ㄹ 계획이에요. Plan to V
Expressing intentions – (으)ㄹ계획이에요. Plan to V
Attaching 게획, 예정 plus the copula (이에요) to a prospective modifier (으)ㄹ gives the meaning plan, intend to V

-(으)ㄹ계획이다– plan, intend to
-(으)ㄹ예정이다– plan, intend to

It can also be used with some other verbs:
-(으)ㄹ생각이다–thinking of Ving
-(으)ㄹ작정이다– decides, plans to V

Here are some examples:

열심히 공부 직정이에요.
I plan to study diligently

나는 중국에 결혼할 계획이에요.
I plan to get married in China.

Attaching 게획, 예정 plus the copula (이에요) to a prospective modifier (으)ㄹ gives the meaning plan, intend to V

-(으)ㄹ계획이다– plan, intend to
-(으)ㄹ예정이다– plan, intend to

It can also be used with some other verbs:
-(으)ㄹ생각이다–thinking of Ving
-(으)ㄹ작정이다– decides, plans to V

Here are some examples:

열심히 공부 직정이에요.
I plan to study diligently

나는 중국에 결혼할 계획이에요.
I plan to get married in China.

Sabtu, 07 Juni 2014

N. + 와/과(는) 달리




" Berbeda dengan "atau" Tidak seperti ... "

Contoh Kalimat :

여동생과는 달리 나는 혼자 있기를 좋아해. – Unlike my little sister, I like to be alone.

은진과는 달리 정연은 쇼핑몰에 가기를 안 좋아해. – Unlike Eunjin, Jungyeon doesn’t like going to the shopping mall.

병호씨와는 달리 기수씨는 헬스클럽에 가기를 좋아해요. – Unlike Byeongho, Gisoo likes going to the gym.

저와는 달리 선생님은  홍차를 좋아해요.. – Unlike me, my teacher likes black tea.

우리 가족과 달리 저는 초밥을 좋아해요. – Unlike my family, I like sushi.


Minggu, 04 Mei 2014

-겠-


You can use -겠- to ask someone's intention, to express what you are going to do, to talk about something that will happen, to show your assumption about something, or to talk about possibilities or capabilities. It is also often used in fixed expressions such as 처읔 뵙겠습니다 (Nice to meet you) or 잘 먹갰습니다 (Thank you for the food)

1. -시겠어요?/-시겠습니까? "Would you...?" "Would you like to...?"
This usage is only used in very formal korean. In more casual korean, you would use -(으)ㄹ래(요)?
The honorific -시- is always used with -겠- in this usage.

Ex)
어디로 가시겠어요?
Where would you like to go? 
Similar: 어디로 갈래(요)?

2. -겠- (used to express one's intention) "I'm going to..." "I'd like to..."

Ex)
제가 하겠습니다.
I'll do it.

말하지 않겠습니다.
I won't tell you.

3. -겠- (used to express one's opinion/idea/assumption) "I think" "I guess" "I assume"
This is the most common usage of -겠- in casual and everyday conversation in Korean. You can use -겠- to show your opinion or assumption about something or what will happen, but you also give the nuance that you are somewhat careful with your opinion.

Ex)
아프겠어요.
That must hurt.

이게 좋겠어요.
I think this will be good.

늦겠어요.
(I think) You'll be late.

When you want to express your assumption or ask someone else's opinion about a possibility or capability, you can use -겠-.

Ex)
혼자서도 되겠어요?
Do you think you can handle it on your own?

저도 들어가겠네요.
Even I would (be able to) fit in.

4. -겠- used in fixed expressions.
In addition to the usages above, -겠- is also commonly used in some fixed expressions.

Ex)
알겠습니다.
I got it. I understand.

모르겠어요.
I don't get it. I don't know. I am not sure.

Ex) 힘들어 죽겠어요.
I'm so tired. This is so tough.

-(이)라는 것은


-(이)라는 것은 is a shortened form of -(이)라고 하는 것은.

Examples
부자라는 것은...
= What they call "부자" is...
= A rich man is...
= (I think that) A rich man is..

자유라는 것은...
= What they call "자유" is...
= Freedom is...
= (I think that) Freedom is...

우정이라는 것은....
= What they call "friendship" is....
= Friendship is...

사랑의 마음이라는 것은...
I think a person's mind/heart is...

More examples

사항이라는 것은
Love is...

삶이라는 것은...
Life is...

끔이라는 것은...
Dream is...

Shortening -(이)라는 것은 to (이)란
To make it even more convenient to say, people often shorten -(이)라는 것은 to (이)란.

Ex)
사랑이라는 것은 → 사랑이란
싦이라는 것은 → 삶이란

Sample sentences
1. 사랑이란 무엇일까요?
What is love?

2. 사랑이란 쉽자 않아요. 
Love is not easy.

3. 자유이라는 것은, 아무거나 마음대로 하는 것이 아니에요.
Freedom doesn't mean doing whatever you want to do in any way you like.

4. 진정한 친구란, 어려울 때 도와 주는 친구예요.
A true friend is a friend who helps you when things are difficult.

-거든(요)


Usages of -거든(요)
1. 거든(요) can be used to express a reason or some background explanation for something, except, -거든요 forms a separate sentence from the sentence expressing result. Other expressions that can express reasons for something are -아/어/여서, -(으)니까 and -기 때문에 but these are used in the same sentence with the result. However, -거든 is mostly added separately to your statement about what happened or will happen.

ex)
저도 모르겠어요. 저 방금 왔거든요.
I don't know either. I just got here.

내일은 안 바빠요. 오늘 일을 다 끝냈거든요.
I'm not busy tomorrow. I finished all the work today.

2. -거든(요) can also be used when you are implying that your story is continued. When you mention one thing in a sentence with -거든, the other person will expect you to mention another thing that's related to waht you just said in the next sentence.

ex)
제 지금 돈이 없거든요. 만원만 빌려 주세요.
I don't have any money now. (So...) Please lend me just 10,000 won.

지난 주에 제주도에 갔거든요. 그런데 계속 비가 왔어요.
I went to Jeju Island last week. But it kept raining.

Sample Sentences
1. 제가 지금 좀 바쁘가든요..
I'm a little busy now, so...

2. 아까 효진 씨 만났거든요. 그런데 이상한 말을 했어요.
I met Hyojin earlier. But she said something strange.

3. 아직 말할 수 없어요. 비밀이거든요.
I can't tell you yet. It's a secret.

Generally, -거든요 is used when you want to soften your speech or express a reason for something indirectly, but sometimes when you are upset you can use -거든요 as the sentence ending to express the reason that supports or explains your anger.

Ex)
필요 없거든요!
I don't need it!

이미 늦었거든요!
It's already too late!

-(이)나, 아니면, -거나 


|


The word "or" can be used to link nouns, adverbs, adjectives, verbs or even sentences. You don't need to use a different expression for all of these different usages in English, but in korean, depending on what kind of word you are linking, the translations for "or" can be different.

Noun + OR + noun
In order to link two nouns, you need to use -(ㅇ)나.

Ex)
공원이나 영화관
a park or a movie theater

학생이나 선생닌
a student or a teacher

여기나 저기
here or there

You can also use the word 아니면 which originally literally means "if not"

Ex)
공원 아니면 영화관
학생 아니면 선생님
여기 아니면 저기

Verb + OR + verb
Since adjectives are essentially descriptive verbs in korean, adjectives and verbs are linked in the same manner. After verb stems, you need to use -거나.

Ex) 
먹거나
eat or...

전화하거나
make a call or ...

집에 가거니
go home or ...

The tense is expressed through the last verb, so the last verb has to be conjugated accordingly to show the tense of the entire sentence.

집에 가거나 친구를 만날 거예요.
I will (either) go home or meet my friends.

Sometimes people add -거나 to all the sentences and in that case, they use the verb 하다 to finish the sentence.

Ex)
집에 가거나 친구를 만나거나 할 거예요.

In addition to using -거나 at the end of the sentence, you can add 아니면 as well between the two actions.

Ex)
집에 가거나 아니면 친구를 만날 거예요.

* There are other ways of saying "or" with verbs such as -든지 and "-든가"

Sentence + OR + Sentence
When you want to say "or" between two sentences, you simply use 아니면.

Ex)
집에 갈 거예요? 아니면 친구를 만날 거예요?
Are you going home? Or are you going to meet your friends?

이거 살 거예요? 아니면 다른 거 살 거예요?
Are you going to buy this? Or are you going to buy something else?



-아/어/여지다 Part 2 | :



Previously, it was introduced the verb ending -아/어/여지다 and how it is used to express "to become + adjective".
Examples:
예쁘다 = to be pretty
예뻐지다 = to become pretty
조용하다 = to be silent
조용해지다 = to become silent
But some adjective words (or descriptive verb) are so commonly used in this -아/어/여지다 form that they are almost considered as independent verbs and have a single-word translation in english as well.
달라지다
다르다 = to be different
달라지다 = to change, to become different
Ex)
여기 만히 달라졌어요.
This place changed a lot.
뭔가 달라진 것 같아요.
I feel something has changed.
좋아지다
좋다 = to be good, to be likeable
좋아지다 = to get better, to improve, to start to like
Ex)
이 가수가 좋아졌어요.
I started to like this singer.
I like this singer now.
노래 실려이 좋아졌어요.
My singing skills have improved.
많아지다
많다 = to be a lot
많아지다 = to increase
Ex)
한국으로 여행 오는 사람들이 많아졌어요.
The people who come to korea for traveling has increased.
학생이 많아졌어요.
The students have increased.
없어지다
없다 = to be not there, to not exist, to not have
없어지다 = to disappear
Ex)
제 핸드폰 없어졌어요.
My cellphone disappeared.
아까 여기 있었는데 없어졌어요.
It was here earlier but it disappeared.

x

Sentence Building Drill #7


Key sentence #1
쇼핑도 할 겸, 친구도 만날 겸, 홍대에 갈 수도 있어요.
I might go to Hongdae, so I could do some shopping as well as meet a friend while I'm here.

Key sentence #2
내일 다시 오거나, 아니면 다른 사람에게 부탁할게요.
I will either come again tomorrow or ask someone else.

Key sentence #3
그러니까, 누구하고 같이 갈 거라고요?
So I mean, who did you say you were going to go with?

Expansion & variation practice with key sentence #1

0.Original sentence:
쇼핑도 할 겸, 친구도 만날겸, 홍대에 갈 수고 있어요.
I might go to Hongdae, so I could do some shopping as well as meet a friend while I'm here.

1.
친구도 만날 겸 = so I could meet a friend as well
공부도 할 겸 = to do some studying (as well as do something else)
인가도 할 겸 = to say hi (to someone while i'm here)
가격도 알아볼 겸 = to check the prices as well (while i'm doing something else)

2.
홍대에 갈 수도 있어요 = I might go to Hongdae.
친구를 만날 수도 있어요 = I might meed a friend
제 친구가 알 수도 있어요 = My friend might know
다시 올 수도 있어요 = I might come back again

Expansion & variation practice with key sentence #2

0. Original sentence:
내일 다시 오거나, 아니면 다른 사람에게 부탁할게요.
I will either come again tomorrow or ask someone else.

1.
내일 다시 오거나  = come again tomorrow or
친구를 만나거나 = meet a friend or
친구한테 물어보거나 = ask a friend or
여기에서 기다리거나 = wait here or

2.
아니면 다른 시람에게 부타할게요 = or I will ask someone else
아니면 나중에 다시 할게요 = or I will do it again later
아니면 그냥 제가 할게요 = or I will just do it myself
아니면 여기에 있을 수도 있어요 = or it might be here

Expansion & variation practice with key sentence #3

0. Original sentence
그러니까, 누구하고 같이 갈 거라고요?
So I mean, who did you say you were going to go with?

1.
그러니까 누구하고 갈 거예요? = So, who are you going to go with?
그러니까 이거 뭐예요? = I mean, what is this?
그러니까 혼자 왔다고요? = You mean you came here alone?
그러니까 제가 안 했어요 = What I'm saying is, I didn't do it

2. 
누구하고 같이 갈 거라고요? = You said you were going to go with whom?
언제 할 거라고요? = You said you were to do it when?
이게 뭐라고요? = What did you say this was?

WORD BUILDER 7: 무 


|The word 무 is related to "none", "nothing" and "non-existence".


무 + 공해 (pollution) = 무공해 (pollution free, clean)

무 + 료 (free) = 무료 (free of charge)

무 + 시 (to see) = 무시 (overlook, to neglect, to disregard)

무 + 책임 (responsibility) = 무책임 (irresponsibility)

무 + 죄 (sin, guilt) = 무죄 (innocent, not guilty)

무 + 능력 (ability) = 무능력 (incapability, incompetence)

무 + 한 (limit) = 무한 (infinite, limitless)

무 + 적 (enemy) = 무적 (unbeatable, invicible)

무 + 관심 (interest) = 무관심 (indifference)

무 + 사고 (accident) = 무사고 (no accident) 

무 + 명 (name) = 무명 (not popular, unknown)

무 + 인 (person) = 무인 (unmanned, uninhabited)

입다, 쓰다, 신다, 매다, 매달다, 메다, 차다/하다, 끼다, 들다 


to wear (on your upper and lower body) 입다
ex) 
스웨터를 입고 있어요 
I'm wearing a sweater. 

밖에 추우니까 코트 입어. 
Since it's cold, put on your coat

날씨가 더우니까 남방 셔츠를 입으세요 
Since it's hot, put on a Hawaiian style shirt

무슨 청바지를 입을까? 
Which blue jeans should I wear?

to wear (on your head) 쓰다
ex) 
언제부터 안경 써요? 
Since when do you wear glasses?

머리띠를 쓰면 더 예쁘게 보일거야. 
If you wear a hairband, you'll look even more pretty.

왜 선글라스를 쓰고있어? 
Why are you wearing sunglasses?

to wear (on your feet) 신다
ex) 
방 안에 신발 신지마라! 
Don't wear your shoes in the house.

그 아저씨가 분홍색 양말 신고있어 
That guy is wearing pink socks.

실내화를 신야봐 
Put on some house slippers.

to wear (or tie something around your neck) 매다
ex) 
우리 큰 형은 매일 넥타이를 매고있어요 
My brother wears a necktie everyday 

목걸이를 매고있어요. 
I'm wearing a necklace

스카프를 매고있어요 
I'm wearing a scarf 

to wear (or hang something over/on something) 매달다
ex) 
크리스마스 트리에는 예쁜 장식품들을 매달아요 
We hang cute decorative stuff on Christmas trees. 

to wear (over your shoulder) 메다
ex) 
초등학생들은 어깨에 가방을 메고 가요. 
Elementary students wear their school bags over their shoulders. 

네팔의 포터들은 히말라야 산을 오를 때 20kg 이하의 짐을 메고 가야해요. 
The weight of Nepalese porters (Sherpas) wear on their shoulders climbing the Mountain Himalaya should not exceed 20kg. 

to wear (an accessory) 차다, 하다 (interchangeable) 
ex) 
새로운 시계를 하고 있어요 
I'm wearing my new watch

허리띠를 차고 있니? 
Are you wearing a belt?

다이아몬드 귀걸이를 하고 싶은데.. 
I want to wear diamond earrings...

to wear (something on your hand) 끼다
ex) 
묵주반지를 보통 껴요? 
Do you usually wear your Catholic ring?

추우니까 장갑을 껴봐 
Since it's cold, put on these gloves

지금 커플링을 끼고있어요? 
Are you wearing a couple ring? 

to hold (something in your hand) 들다 
ex) 
저는 지금 선물을 들고 있어요. 
I am holding a present in my hands. 

내가 무슨 짐을 이렇게 많이 들고 있지? 내 아내가 쇼핑한 물건이잖아. 
Why am I holding so much baggage... this is all of my wife's shopping.... 

 제 컵을 잠시만 들고 있어주실래요? 
Could you hold my cup for a while please?

-기는 하다


Example #1
갔어요 = I went there.
- 가기는 갔어요 = I DID go there, but....
- 가기는 했어요 = I DID go there, but...
- 가기는 갔는데, 일찍 왔어요. = I DID go there, but I came back early.

Example #2
봤어요 = I saw it.
- 보기는 봤어요 = I DID see it, but...
- 보기는 했어요 = I DID see it, but...
- 보기는 봤는데 기억이 안 나요. = I DID see it, but I don't remember.

How to say "I COULD do it but..."
To say that you can do something, you use the structure, -(으)ㄹ 수 있다. And since here it's a NOUN GROUP that literally means "a method for doing something" or "possibility/ability" you can just use the topic marker without having to change it again into the noun form. It's already a noun.

할 수 있어요 = I can do it.
- 할 수는 있어요 = I COULD do it, but...
- 할 수는 있는데, 안 하고 싶어요. = I COULD do it, but I don't want to.
- 할 수는 있는데, 조건이 있어요. = I COULD do it, but there is no condition.

More sample sentences
1. 어제 친구를 만나기는 했는데, 금방 헤어졌어요.
I DID meet a friend yesterday, but we parted soon.

2. 시간 맞춰서 도착하기는 했는데, 준비를 못 했어요.
I DID manage to get there on time, but I couldn't prepare.

3. 읽기는 읽었는데 이해가 안 돼요.
I DID read it, but I don't understand it.

4. 좋기는 좋은데, 너무 비싸요.
It IS good but it's too expensive.

5. 맜있기는 맜있는데, 좀 짜요.
It IS delicious, but it's a bit salty.

-기(가/에) 


To be easy to + V 
-기 쉽다
To be difficult to + V
-기 어렵다

"Verb stem + 기" is a noun form, therefore in principle, there has to be a marker after it, but in the forms above, the marker is dropped.

Which markers were dropped?
It depends on the context but it can be either originally -기에 쉽다/어렵다 or originally -기가 쉽다/어렵다.

-기에 쉽다/어렵다
When you use the marker -에 it means that something is easy/difficult FOR + V-ing.

-기가 쉽다/어렵다
When you use the marker -가, it means that "DOING something" is easy/difficult.

Example #1
제 이름은 발은하기(가) 어려워요.
My name is difficult to pronounce.

Example #2
이건 만들기(가) 어려워요.
This is difficult to make.

Example #3
이건 어린이가 사용하기(에) 어려워요.
Using this is difficult for a child.

In this example, the subject of the verb is 사용하다 is 어린이 and 어린이 is followed by 가, the subject marker, it sounds rather repetitive to use -가 again, so in this kind of sentence, people tend to use -에 instead of -가 before 쉬워요/어려워요.

Example #4
사용하기가 쉬워요.
It's easy to use.

사용하기에 쉬워요.
Using it is easy.

In all the above sentences, you can drop -가 or -에.

Other words can also be used with V + -기(가/에)

Example
-기가 편리하다/-기(에) 편리하다
to be convenient to + V / to be convenient for + V-ing

-기(가) 좋다/-기(에) 좋다
to be good to + V / to be good for + V-ing

-기(가) 불편하다/-기(에) 불편하다
to be inconvenient to + V / to be inconvenient for + V-inf
         십오 분 전 quarter to (hour)
 이제부터 from now on
 돈을 쓰다 spend money
 신발 가게 shoe store
 악세사리 가게 jewelry store
 문자를 보내다 to text
 인터넷 액세스 Internet access
 친목 네트워크 사이트 social networking site
 검색 엔진 search engine
 이메일을 보내다 e-mail
 서 있다 to stand
 저는 ...라고 합니다. I'm...(name)
 어떤 종류 what kind
 공중 전화 public phone
 아이피 전화 IP phone
 시내 전화 local phone call
 인터넷 전화 VoIP
 전화를 잘못 걸다 call a wrong number
 전화를 걸다 make a telephone call
 전화를 받다 to answer the phone, to pick up the phone
 장거리 전화 long-distance call
 통화 중인 busy
 비가 오는 rainy
 맑은 하늘 clear sky
 얼음으로 뒤덮이다 ice over
 풍속 냉각 wind chill
 맑게 개다 clear up
 인터넷을 하다 to surf the internet
 탁상용 컴퓨터 desktop computer
 비디오카세트 녹화기 VCR
 침실용 탁자 nightstand
 대걸레로 닦다 to mop
 진공청소기로 청소하다 to vacuum
 입 안을 가시다 gargle
 체온을 재다 take one's temperature
 맥박을 재다 take one's pulse
 주사를 놓다 give an injection
 혈액 검사 blood test
 정맥으로 주입하는 intravenous
 쪼그리고 앉다 squat phrase
 몸짓을 하다 gesture
 손을 들다 raise one's hand
 머리를 흔들다 shake one's head
 액상 비누 liquid soap
 (키가) 작은 short
 (키가) 큰 tall
 금발 머리 blonde hair
 검은 머리 black hair
 갈색 머리 brown hair
 땀을 흘리다 to sweat
         커피 포트 coffee pot
 배고픈 hungry
 목이 마른 thirsty
 점심 (식사) lunch
 주요리 main course
 목마른 thirsty
 배부른 full
 코스 요리 course meal
 마음껏 먹을 수 있는 all-you-can-eat
 저녁 (식사) dinner
 웨이터 주임 maitre d'
 음식을 주문하다 order food
 그릴에 굽다 grill
 기름에 살짝 튀기다 saute
 전자렌지에 데우다 microwave
 바람이 부는 wind blowing
 어린 양 lamb
 모래 폭풍 sandstorm
 로맨틱 코미디 romantic comedy
 쇼 프로그램 TV show
 비디오 게임 video game
 춤을 추다 to dance
 노래를 부르다 sing a song
 악기를 연주하다 play a musical instrument
 사진을 찍다 take a picture
 우표를 모으다 collect stamps
 체스를 하다 play chess
 포커를 치다 play poker
 취미를 즐기다 enjoy a hobby
 싱글 베드 single bed
 더블 베드 double bed
 모닝콜 서비스 wake-up service
 세탁 서비스 laundry service
 투숙절차를 밟다 sign in
 전자 키 electronic key
 룸 키 room key
 일정을 짜다 arrange
 제 이름은 (name)입니다. My name is…
 이 분은 (person's name) 입니다.
 쇼핑 몰 mall
 육상 경기 track and field
 큰 소리로 읽다 read aloud
 세금을 내다 pay taxes
 친척을 방문하다 visit relatives
 입국 카드 entry card phrase
 재입국 허가 re-entry permit
 항공편 번호 flight number
 꽉 조이는 tight
 사각 팬티 boxer shorts
 입어 보다 to try on (clothes)
         안 어울리다 clash
 옷이 맞다 fit a garment
 사고 방식 way of thinking
 회의를 열다 hold a meeting
 아이티 부서 IT department
 단편 소설 short story phrase
 사진 촬영 photography
 지구 과학 earth science